Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Studies have shown that people who eat foods rich in vitamin C have lower rate of heart disease and the scientific evidence indicates that taking vitamin C supplements produces similar benefits. Vitamin C appears to regenerate vitamin E oxidized. Because of the many potential health benefits of vitamin C not involving the heart, such as reducing cold symptoms, maintain skin integrity and reduce the risk of cataracts, you may consider taking 250 to 500 milligrams daily if you have both heart disease or not. It is advisable to take vitamin C supplements have a history of kidney stones or hemochromatosis (a defect in the ability of your body to metabolize iron, causing the increase of the mineral in the organs and tissues).
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant that helps prevent free radical damage. Some studies show that vitamin E may prevent or slow the progression of plaque formation if you already have heart disease. But other studies show no benefit from taking supplements of vitamin E in patients at high risk. Although there is no risk to taking vitamin E, there is insufficient evidence to recommend vitamin E as a supplement to the general population.
Adverse effects of vitamin E are generally rare. However, do not take vitamin E supplement if you are taking medication for blood clotting. High doses of vitamin E can interfere with blood clotting.
Although some studies about the benefits of vitamin E supplements appear promising, it is important to remember that when it comes to preventing heart disease, any benefit you receive from vitamin E supplements are much less substantial than those that would make exercise, eat a healthy diet and manage other risk factors like high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
Beta carotene
Beta carotene is a carotenoid, a compound found in carrots, melons, pumpkins, sweet potatoes and tomatoes. The beta carotene in foods has been associated with a lower risk of heart disease. However, other studies have found that beta carotene supplements offer no protection against heart disease.
Although beta-carotene-rich foods are beneficial in your diet, taking supplements of beta carotene is not recommended, particularly among smokers.
Coenzyme Q-10 (ubiquinone)
This antioxidant, produced by the body, also comes from many dietary sources, including meat and seafood. Their antioxidant effects are similar to those of vitamin E.
According to Amy Harker-Murray, a Mayo Clinic internist who has researched the coenzyme Q-10 and its relation to heart failure, “Some research indicates that the heart of patients with congestive heart failure is lower compared coenzyme Q-10 with healthy controls, but this has not been consistent.” By now, we need more research on coenzyme Q-10 before making any recommendation.
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